There is no proof to pinpoint what causes hiccups. They are believed to be caused by sudden contractions of the diaphragm. Irritation of the nerves that extend from the neck to the chest can cause hiccups. The diaphragm is a muscle, which is found between the abdominal cavity and the one containing the heart and the lungs, and plays an important role in respiration. The diaphragm pulls the lungs to increase their capacity to draw in more air. A sudden and unequal contraction of the diaphragm is believed to cause hiccups.
Usually, hiccups subside on their own within 10 minutes. Drinking water or being frightened by someone or placing sugar under the tongue does not help stop hiccups. These are myths. In rare cases, hiccups can last for hours, requiring medication. An inflammation in the lower part of the lungs or a swelling of the liver can cause irritation in the diaphragm and may lead to hiccups.
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