In 1876, Abdul Hamid II established a constitutional monarchy. This was thirty years before the Young Turk Revolution and this period is known as the First Constitutional Era. However, the constitutional monarchy lasted only for two years; Abdul Hamid II suspended the new system of governance and restored autocratic powers to himself.
In June 1908, The Young Turks revolted against the Sultan. They wanted to re-establish the constitution. On 24 July, Abdul Hamid II gave in and promised to restore the 1876 constitution, thus starting the Ottoman Empire’s Second Constitutional Era.
The Young Turk Revolution was met with a counterrevolution in 1909; it briefly restored the autocratic rule of Abdul Hamid II. The Turkish Parliament however overthrew Abdul Hamid II in 1909.
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