Coal is a porous, black carbon-rich, naturally occurring material which is mined from the earth. It is formed by the decomposition of remains of plants which died millions of years ago. Though rich in carbon, coal contains a lot of impurities including sulphur. When used as a fuel it poisons the air with sulphur dioxide.
Charcoal is a black, porous material obtained by heating wood or other biomass in a closed space, with no air. This type of charcoal contains mostly carbon. It is man-made.
Charcoal is used as a filter to clean gases and liquids and as a fuel. It is also used in art.
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