Cholesterol is an organic compound belonging to the steroid family and occurring either in a free state or as esters of fatty acid in practically all animal tissues. The molecular formula for cholesterol is
. In a normal man it is about 0.3 percent of his average weight. It is the starting material from which the body produces bile acids, steroid hormones and pro-vitamin substances in the body. It is used by our body to help the digestive system as well.
Cholesterol was discovered in 1812. Its name arises from its occurrences in gallstones derived from the Greek word chole-stereos-ol meaning bile-solid. The synthesis of cholesterol occurs in various tissues and organs particularly, the brain, liver and arteries.
The increase in its quantity beyond a certain level can be harmful for our body. Excess of fat and cholesterol get deposited in the walls of arteries causing blockage and hardness thus obstructing the free flow of blood. Due to this, quantity of blood flowing in the arteries decreases and consequently the oxygen supply to vital parts of our body is also decreased. This condition is medically termed as arteriosclerosis. Small blood clots that would normally pass through blood vessels may get trapped by high cholesterol deposits.
We know that coronary arteries play a vital role for the heart to function. They provide oxygen and carry blood to the heart. If a coronary artery gets blocked that particular part of the heart may stop functioning leading to a major heart attack which can even prove fatal.
Cholesterol in blood can be controlled by a regulated diet. A high concentration of cholesterol is present in the foods of animal origin like meat, egg, butter etc. Doctors advise to avoid high-cholesterol foods by substituting unsaturated foods like fruits, vegetables, cereals and so on.
Lowering cholesterol levels in the blood can help to reduce the risk of heart attacks. Several other measures can be taken to maintain the desirable cholesterol level. This includes giving up smoking, regular exercises, avoidance of overeating and fatty substances.