Category Science

How does a foot mouse help disabled people?

The Foot Mouse by Califor Design is designed for people who are unable to use their hands due to disability or a neurological condition. Winner of the Red Dot Design Concept Award 2022, the Foot Mouse transfers control to the feet, allowing the user to navigate and click by resting a foot on it. The left and right keys are designed to be operated with the toes. The scrolling function is activated when the left and right buttons are simultaneously pressed, and deactivated when one of the left or right keys is released. “The concave design of the mouse’s top surface is combined with human-machine engineering principles to ergonomically fit the complex curvature under the foot, ensuring a stable and comfortable user experience,” says Califor Design. “Foot Mouse is designed to fit feet of any width and size and to provide anti-fatigue support for extended periods of use.”

Picture Credit : Google 

What is the use of Ribo device?

The ‘Ribo’ is a robotic solution for those looking to enjoy a bit of digital companionship. It “embraces” your smartphone and displays expressions that seem to convey your smartphone’s feelings while separated from your hands. Half desktop pet and half smartphone dock, Ribo expresses emotions through its eyes displayed on a circular screen that serves as its face. The “tummy” of the robot is where you can slot your smartphone in. Inserting a charging cable turns Ribo into a charging station when needed. If you hold both of its hands in yours, it can take ECG readings that will be displayed on your phone and on its LCD display. Compared to smart docks with wireless charging and advanced features, Ribo might seem lacking, but what it offers is a more personal and approachable connection with technology.

Picture Credit : Google 

Will there be a ‘Project Great Indian Bustard’?

Proposed on the lines of Project Tiger, the country’s highest court seeks the government’s view on the idea. What prompted this? Here’s the story and background in five simplified points.

  1. THE PROPOSAL: Coming to the rescue of the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB), the Supreme Court has mooted the idea of launching ‘Project GIB’ on the lines of ‘Project Tiger. A bench headed by Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud, and comprising justices A.S. Bopanna and V. Ramasubramanian, also sought reports from the chief secretaries of Rajasthan and Gujarat in six weeks on the installation of bird diverters in priority areas and assess the total length of transmission lines in the two States where undergrounding of electric wires have to be done to ensure the birds do not die of electrocution.
  2. COMMITTEE FORMED: The Supreme Court had earlier set up a three-member committee to assess the feasibility of laying high-voltage underground power cables. It had also directed the Gujarat and Rajasthan governments to convert overhead electric cables into underground power cables, wherever feasible, and install bird diverters in priority areas where the birds live. It has now directed the committee to submit an updated status report on the steps to safeguard the birds.
  3. ENDANGERED SPECIES: The great Indian bustard, considered India’s most critically endangered bird species, is especially found in Rajasthan and Gujarat, and as per the 2021 report of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), they are on the verge of extinction with less than 249 of them alive. Endemic to India, these birds were once seen across several States in the country. Due to hunting, habitat loss, and accidents caused by windmills and overhead power lines, their numbers dwindled over the last few decades.
  4. RECENT DEATHS: Being hit by overhead power lines is one of the major reasons for the death of these birds today, which is why the focus is on undergrounding such lines. While the work for undergrounding power lines has started in Gujarat, that does not seem to be the situation in Rajasthan, according to reports. Bird diverters too have not been installed in priority areas despite the Supreme Court’s direction. This would explain the deaths of seven birds so far this year, which is a matter of continuing concern.
  5. PROJECT TIGER: The Central government had launched ‘Project Tiger on April 1, 1973 to promote the conservation of the big cat whose population had dipped alarmingly. The number of tigers in 1973 was less than 300, and according to the All India Tiger Estimation Report, that number rose to 2,967 in 2018. Project Tiger has been viewed by the government as one of the most successful conservation programmes for a single species in the world. And so, it is hoped that a similar project for this critically endangered bird species would save it from extinction.

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What is a lie-detector?

A lie-detector test does not conclusively prove that the person is being untruthful and as such the results of this test are not treated as evidence in Indian courts.

It is a device often used during criminal investigations for questioning suspects. But how does it work?

A lie-detector or polygraph is a device that monitors a person’s involuntary physiological reactions when he or she is questioned about a certain event. The instrument tries to find out if the person is trying to conceal something. It is often used during criminal investigations for questioning suspects. A lie-detector is essentially a combination of a variety of medical devices that monitor changes occurring in the body during questioning. The examiner looks for important reflex actions of the body when the person is subjected to stress, by monitoring fluctuations in heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, etc.

Based on these indications, the examiner can at best interpret if the person is being deceptive. But a lie-detector test does not conclusively prove that the person is being untruthful and as such the results of this test are not admissible in Indian courts.

Picture Credit : Google 

How does Google Maps work?

You might have used or seen your parents use Google Maps while travelling around the city. Have you ever wondered how it works? Find out…

Google Maps has revolutionised travel like never before. Travellers can chalk out their itineraries and find addresses at the dick of a button with the help of this free map service. You can virtually view the street your cousin lives on in the U.S. without even moving an inch from your seat!

Google bases its maps on information taken from a selection of databases. But the most crucial data is provided by the satellite images of cities, which is captured and converted into small image files. The data is then verified with a vast database of map references like longitude and latitude co-ordinates, addresses and postal codes.

When you type an address in the search field, Google sends the query to its global servers and searches for the closest location match. The search results in the corresponding map of the location being displayed on screen, When you ask for directions from Location A to B. Google sorts out the information in its map servers, which store millions of potential route combinations to find the fastest route between the two locations. This kind of system which deals with information related to location is called Geographical Geographical Information System (GIS).

Google Maps first started as a software application developed by the Danish-born Rasmussen brothers Lars and Jens for a company that was later acquired by Google.

Picture Credit : Google 

Why are anteaters going extinct?

As their name suggests, giant anteaters are large. Like so many large mammals the world over, these creatures too are facing rising extinction risk, especially in Brazil. What are the reasons for this? Come, let’s find out.

Giant anteaters are native to Central and South America. In 2020, the Pantanal region of South America witnessed fires that destroyed about a third of the area. It proved to be injurious or fatal for wildlife such as jaguars inhabiting the region. According to a report, the fires killed “an estimated 17 million animals”. The numbers are not available for those injured or displaced. But among those that suffered are giant anteaters. Apparently, “more than 50 giant anteaters injured or displaced by the Pantanal fires were taken in by state rescue projects – a leap from 13 the previous year”. In 2021, Pantanal witnessed fires again, though on a scale smaller than the previous year. However, reports suggest that a few areas from 2020 suffered in 2021 too – this could spell disaster for the species there since they’d be denied time for recovery. Several animals are also indirectly affected by such fires. For instance, young animals could be orphaned and ones trying to escape such fires could get involved in accidents or end up in the hands of poachers. As for giant anteaters, some tried to escape the fire in 2021 and got hit by cars; they were rescued.

But, fires are not the only reason for falling giant anteater populations. A report says “Brazil’s anteater populations have fallen 30% over 26 years”. As solitary creatures, they require a large range for habitation. But this is becoming more and more difficult due to land seizures, expansion of farming, ranching, and mining “in the Amazon and the Brazilian savanna”. Further, the animal also has “a low population growth rate due to its life history of long gestation periods and single offspring”.

The giant anteater plays a significant role as both predator and prey. While it is consumed by jaguars and pumas, the mammal consumes large quantities of insects, especially ants and termites. Given this interconnectedness, the extinction of this insectivore can have unimaginable impacts on its ecological range.

Fires are not the only reason for falling giant anteater populations. As solitary creatures, they require a large range for habitation. But this is becoming more and more difficult due to land seizures, expansion of farming, ranching, and mining “in the Amazon and the Brazilian savanna”. Further, the animal also has “a low population growth rate due to its life history of long gestation periods and single offspring”.

Picture Credit : Google