Category Great Indian Scientists

Har Gobind Khorana

Har Gobind Khorana (9 January 1922 – 9 November 2011) was an Indian American biochemist. While on the faculty of the University of Wisconsin, he shared the 1968 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley for research that showed the order of nucleotides in nucleic acids, which carry the genetic code of the cell and control the cell’s synthesis of proteins. Khorana and Nirenberg were also awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University in the same year.

Fields

• Molecular biology

Known for

• First to demonstrate the role of nucleotides in protein synthesis

Awards

• Nobel Prize in Medicine (1968)
• Gairdner Foundation International Award (1980)
• Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
• ForMemRS (1978)
• Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
• Padma Vibhushan
• Willard Gibbs Award (1974)

Institutions

• MIT (1970–2007)
• University of Wisconsin, Madison (1960–70)
• University of British Columbia (1952–60)
• University of Cambridge (1950–52)
• Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich (1948–49)

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Swapan Chattopadhyay is a particle accelerator physicist noted for his pioneering contributions of innovative concepts, techniques and developments in high energy particle colliders, coherent and incoherent light sources, ultrafast sciences in the femto- and atto- second regimes, superconducting linear accelerators and various applications of interaction of particle and light beams.

Fields

• Physics

Institutions

• Northern Illinois University and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (2014–)
• Cockcroft Institute (2007–2014)
• Universities of Liverpool, Manchester and Lancaster, UK (2007–2014)
• Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (2001–2007)
• University of California at Berkeley (1974–1982, 1984–2001, 2010–)
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1976–1982, 1984–2001)
• CERN (1982–1984, 2008–)

Known for

• Particle accelerator science and technology

Awards

• Fellow of American Physical Society,
• American Association for the Advancement of Science,
• Institute of Physics (UK), and
• the Royal Society of Arts (UK)

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Srinivasa Ramanujan was an Indian mathematician who lived during the British Rule in India. Though he had almost no formal training in pure mathematics, he made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions, including solutions to mathematical problems considered to be unsolvable.

During his short life, Ramanujan independently compiled nearly 3,900 results (mostly identities and equations). Many were completely novel; his original and highly unconventional results, such as the Ramanujan prime, the Ramanujan theta function, partition formulae and mock theta functions, have opened entire new areas of work and inspired a vast amount of further research.

Known for

• Landau–Ramanujan constant
• Mock theta functions
• Ramanujan conjecture
• Ramanujan prime
• Ramanujan–Soldner constant
• Ramanujan theta function
• Ramanujan’s sum
• Rogers–Ramanujan identities
• Ramanujan’s master theorem
• Ramanujan–Sato series

Awards

• Fellow of the Royal Society

Fields

• Mathematics

Institutions

• Trinity College, Cambridge

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Rajesh Gopakumar (born 1967 in Kolkata, India) a theoretical physicist is director of the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences (ICTS-TIFR) in Bangalore, India. He was previously a professor at Harish-Chandra Research Institute (HRI) in Allahabad, India. He is known for his work on topological string theory.

Awards

• Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award,
• ICTP Prize

Fields

• String Theory,
• Theoretical Physics

Institutions

• Harish-Chandra Research Institute
• Institute for Advanced Study

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Anil Kumar Gain (1 February 1919 – 7 February 1978) (also spelt Anil Kumar Gayen) was an Indian mathematician and statistician best known for his works on the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient in the field of applied statistics, with his colleague Ronald Fisher. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge under the supervision of Henry Ellis Daniels, who was the then President of the Royal Statistical Society. He was honoured as a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society and the famous Cambridge Philosophical Society.

Gain was the president of the statistics section of the Indian Science Congress Association, as well as the head of the Department of Mathematics at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. He later went on to found Vidyasagar University, naming it after the famous social reformer of the Bengali renaissance, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

Fields

• Mathematics and Statistics

Institutions

• University of Cambridge
• University of Calcutta
• Presidency College, Calcutta
• Indian Statistical Institute
• Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Awards

• RSS
• FCPS

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Yellapragada Subbarow (12 January 1895 – 8 August 1948) was an Indian biochemist who discovered the function of adenosine triphosphate as an energy source in the cell, and developed methotrexate for the treatment of cancer. Most of his career was spent in the United States. Despite his isolation of ATP, Subbarow did not gain tenure at Harvard though he would lead some of America’s most important medical research during World War II. He is also credited with the first synthesis of the chemical compounds folic acid and methotrexate. Subbarow died in the United States.

Known for

• Discovering the role of phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate in muscular activity;
• synthesis of folic acid;
• synthesis of methotrexate;
• discovery of diethylcarbamazine

Fields

• Biochemistry

Institutions

• Lederle Laboratories, a division of American Cyanamid (Acquired by Wyeth in 1994, now Pfizer)

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Samir Kumar Brahmachari (born 1 January 1952) is an Indian biophysicist and Former Director General of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) and Former Secretary, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Government of India. He is the Founder Director of Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi and the Chief Mentor of Open Source for Drug Discovery (OSDD) Project. He is the recipient of J.C Bose Fellowship Award, DST (2012).

Fields

• Functional Genomics;Structural & Computational Biology

Known for

• Open Source Drug Discovery for Affordable
• Healthcare

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Satyendra Nath Bose, FRS (Bengali: Sôtyendronath Bosu; 1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian physicist from Bengal specialising in theoretical physics. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, providing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate. A Fellow of the Royal Society, he was awarded India’s second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan in 1954 by the Government of India.

Known for

• Bose–Einstein condensate
• Bose–Einstein statistics
• Bose–Einstein distribution
• Bose–Einstein correlations
• Bose gas
• Boson
• Ideal Bose Equation of State
• Photon gas

Awards

• Padma Vibhushan
• Fellow of the Royal Society

Fields

• Physics

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Raghunath Anant Mashelkar, also known as Ramesh Mashelkar. FREng, FIChemE (born on 1st January, 1943) is an Indian chemical engineer and a former Director General of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), a chain of 38 publicly funded industrial research and development institutions in India.

Awards

• Padma Vibhushan
• Padma Bhushan
• Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar
• G.D. Birla Award for Scientific Research
• FREng

Fields

• Chemical Engineering

Known for

• Intellectual Property Rights; R&D; Innovation

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Nitya Anand (born 1 January 1925 in Layallpur, British India) is a scientist who was the director of Central Drug Research Institute in Lucknow for several years. In 2005, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) appointed him chairman of its scientific committee. In 2012, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Indian government.

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