Archimedes is famous for the Archimedes Principle, which states that when an object is immersed in a fluid, it will displace a volume of fluid equal to the volume of the portion of the object immersed. There is an interesting tale behind this principle.
Archimedes used this principle to prove that a jeweller was cheating the king. The king suspected that a solid gold crown he ordered was partly made of silver. To find out if it was true, Archimedes took two pieces of pure gold and pure silver of the weight of the crown. He then immersed the gold, the silver, and the crown – one after the other – in a container filled to the brim with water. He then measured the volume of water that overflowed with each material.
Archimedes found that the crown displaced more water than the gold, but less than the silver. This proved that the crown contained some metal other than gold or silver, and that the jeweller had stolen some of the gold given to him, and replaced it with a cheaper metal!
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